ERROR IDENTIFICATION

What's the wrong with each of the sentences below?

The answers are in the COMMENTS below. Be sure to try to find your own answers before looking at mine!

1. This large goat is only living in the mountains of Switzerland.
2. I call to thank you for the present you sent.
3. John is resembling his older sister.
4. The rise in demand for timber destroys large areas of rainforest.
5. I work at the University for over ten years now.
6. When have you got here?
7. Have you read a book called Accountancy Is Fun? 'Who has written it?'
8. Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he didn't play well in international matches.
9. We've seen Jean in town the other day.
10. Have you ever been to the opera when you lived in Milan?
11. I was meeting a lot of interesting people while I was working in Norway.
12. Being in large crowds was always making her feel nervous.
13. How long are you wearing glasses?
14. We've been staying with Paul and Jenny until last weekend.
15. That's twice I've been forgetting to bring my diary to work this week.
16. I've never been listening to any of Plop's music before.
17. The new bridge had been opened six months ago.
18. He just heard the news and was rushing home to tell his family.
19. When I saw the vase, I knew it was exactly what I had looked for.
20. I had been knowing Helen for a number of years.

No cheating. Agonize a while before checking the answers!

In which countries is Coca-Cola not sold?

Who, What, Why: In which countries is Coca-Cola not sold?

After almost 60 years, Coca-Cola is on sale again in Burma. It's one of the world's most recognised brands, so are there any countries where the drinks giant still remains unsold?

Coca-Cola says it sells 1.8 billion servings of the drink every day. But for the last six decades, none has been in Burma.

That's because of US trade sanctions on the military junta which ruled the country from 1962 to 2011.

Those sanctions were suspended a few months ago, as the country began to move towards democratic reforms.

But the company said on Monday its first delivery had arrived and local production would begin soon.

Coca-Cola's entry into any country is a powerful symbol, says Tom Standage, author of A History of the World in Six Glasses.

"The moment Coca-Cola starts shipping is the moment you can say there might be real change going on here," he says. "Coca-Cola is the nearest thing to capitalism in a bottle."

Coca-Cola's rival PepsiCo has also announced plans to resume sales in Burma.

There are now just two countries in the world where Coca-Cola cannot be bought or sold - at least, not officially. They are Cuba and North Korea, which are both under long-term US trade embargoes (Cuba since 1962 and North Korea since 1950).

Cuba was actually one of the first three countries outside the US to bottle Coke, in 1906.

But the company moved out as Fidel Castro's government began seizing private assets in the 1960s, and has never returned.

In North Korea - the other Coca-Cola-free zone - recent media reports suggested it was being sold in a restaurant in Pyongyang. But Coca-Cola says if any drinks are being sold in either North Korea or Cuba, they are being smuggled in on the black market, not via official channels.

The dark fizzy soda was created in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. From the early days the Coca-Cola company looked to expand worldwide, and by the early 1900s it was bottling the drink in Asia and Europe.

But the big boost came as a result of World War II when Coca-Cola was provided to US troops overseas.

There were more than 60 military bottling plants for Coca-Cola around the world during the war, and locals got a taste for the drink too.

It became powerfully associated with American patriotism, says Standage, and was seen as so crucial to the war effort that it was exempted from sugar rationing.

Dwight Eisenhower, at the time the supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe, was said to be a particular fan and he ensured its availability in North Africa.

He also introduced the drink to top Soviet general, Georgy Zhukov, who asked if a special, colourless version - one that looked like vodka - could be made, and Coca-Cola duly obliged for a while, says Standage.

These days Coca-Cola is regularly ranked as one of the top, if not the top, global brands.

"It has always been about the American dream," says Bruce Webster, an independent branding consultant who has done work for the Coca-Cola company in the past.

But not all countries have embraced the American-ness that seems to be embodied by Coca-Cola.

It was the French who first coined the pejorative term "coca-colonisation" in the 1950s. Trucks were overturned and bottles smashed, says Standage, as protesters saw the drink as a threat to French society.

During the Cold War, Coca-Cola became a symbol of capitalism and a faultline between capitalism and communism, says Webster.

It was not marketed in the former Soviet Union due to the fear that profits would go straight into communist government coffers, says Standage.

Pepsi filled the gap and was widely sold.

When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, many East Germans bought Coca-Cola by the crate-load, says Standage. "Drinking Coca-Cola became a symbol of freedom."

Other than the former Soviet Union, the main region that Coca-Cola has struggled in historically is the Middle East, largely due to a boycott implemented by the Arab League from 1968-1991, as a punishment for it selling in Israel.

Pepsi picked up a lot of the sales in the Middle East - and many local versions of the drink thrived.

Coca-Cola is not trying to get involved in politics, says Webster, but as a huge brand so closely associated with the US, it sometimes finds itself tangled up in politics, or singled out for criticism.

"The whole strength of the brand is plugging into a way of life that so many people wanted. As an ideology, it polarises. And sometimes those associations become unattractive," he says.

"America itself as a brand is more tarnished now. People are more ambiguous towards it."

In 2003, protesters in Thailand poured Coca-Cola onto the streets as a demonstration against the US-led invasion of Iraq, and sales were temporarily suspended, says Standage.

Iran's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has threatened to ban Coca-Cola and Venezuela's Hugo Chavez recently urged people to drink locally-made fruit juice rather than drink Coca-Cola or Pepsi.

But 126 years after its birth, Coca-Cola is still pushing forward in terms of sales, with strong growth - especially, it says, in the emerging markets of India, China and Brazil.

Reporting by Cordelia Hebblethwaite. Taken from HERE

FACTS AND FIGURES

The answer

• Only two countries where Coca-Cola is not officially bought or sold - Cuba and North Korea
• This is due to trade embargoes with the US
• Coca-Cola says if any drinks are being sold in these countries, they are coming in via "unauthorised third parties"

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Tricky markets

• China: After 10 years of negotiation, Coca-Cola re-entered the market in 1979
• USSR: Official sponsor for the World Ice Hockey Championship in Moscow in 1979
• East Germany: Coca-Cola employees handed out free cans of Coke during fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and re-entered market a year later
• India: Coca-Cola re-launched in 1993 a parade through central Calcutta
• Vietnam: The US lifted its embargo in 1994 and Coca-Cola returned soon after
• Burma: Began selling in Burma in 1927 but stopped in the 1960s after military junta took power, now sent its first shipment there

Global expansion

• The first Coca-Cola was served in 1886 at a pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia
• Canada, Cuba and Panama became the first countries outside the US to bottle it in 1906
• Coca-Cola expanded to Asia, opened a bottling plant in the Philippines in 1912, and then in Paris and Bordeaux in 1919
• By 1930 Coca-Cola was bottled in 27 countries around the world.
• By 1959, it was operating in over 100 countries

Don't let your friendships die of neglect

'If you fail to get in touch because you've nothing worth saying, or too little time to say much of it, you'll be doing nobody any favours'

by Oliver Burkeman ~~~ The Guardian, Saturday 7 December 2013

A friend of mine I'll call Nick (since that's his name) sporadically sends me postcards from his travels around the globe, on which the entire message, scrawled in large ballpoint letters, is "Best wishes, Nick." One interpretation of this is that Nick's a lazy bastard. Another is that he doesn't value our friendship sufficiently to spend five minutes telling me his news. But knowing how often I think about an absent friend, yet take no action to make contact, I'm inclined to conclude that his tactic's ingenious. The crucial thing about a postcard from afar, after all, is the fact of it, not some anecdote about haggling over souvenirs in a bazaar. By studiously ignoring the convention that postcards should contain news, he ensures they actually get sent. The difference between a detailed message and "Best wishes" is far smaller than between a postcard and no postcard at all.

But postcards are vanishing into history. Our post-postcard technologies – email, texts, cheap international calls, FaceTime, Skype – make it simple to stay in touch with distant friends. Or at least they're meant to. In practice, while Facebook and Twitter facilitate a feeling of connectedness to one's social circle in general, it's less easy to nurture specific bonds. There's something about sending an email or making a video call that seems to require having something substantive to say, especially if you've fallen out of touch. "Hello!" is insufficient, and a one-line message asking what someone's been up to feels unfair, since it implicitly demands a longer reply. No, we tell ourselves, catching up with friends is a matter of long, meandering chats, newsy emails, well-chosen gifts. And so the crucial work of nurturing friendships falls into a familiar procrastinatory black hole: precisely because it matters, you postpone it until you can give it the attention it deserves, which often means never.

So I was intrigued by an embryonic project by the London-based designer Kwame Ferreira – currently in prototype, and seeking backers at the crowdfunding site Indiegogo – for a hi-tech bracelet called Bond. Bonds comes in pairs; you keep one and give the other to a friend. When one wearer taps his or her bracelet, the other vibrates, wherever it happens to be. (They're wirelessly linked to the wearers' smartphones.) To be sure, Bond seems more fitting for romantic partners: it's amusing to imagine Nick's expression of horror were I to suggest that we wore them. But surely the underlying idea – of wordless contact, to signify that someone has registered in your thoughts – could be implemented in other ways, for all kinds and levels of friendship? Maybe Facebook's "poke" feature is a start. I just wish it wasn't called "poke".

Meanwhile, the best piece of advice for maintaining long-distance connections is probably this: raise your standards when it comes to frequency of contact, but lower them when it comes to what that contact contains. Studies of social networks have shown that reciprocity – returning calls and emails – is one of the best predictors of lasting links: if you fail to get in touch because you've nothing worth saying, or too little time to say much of it, you'll be doing nobody any favours. Although it's rarely true where friendship's concerned: in this case, quantity trumps quality.

Taken from HERE.

An opportunity to contemplate your navel...

Which of these two goldfish do you see yourself as at this point in your life? Does it differ in different areas of your life? Which goldfish were you at earlier points in your life? Explain your answers.

Unpacking Questions

Look at these questions:

1. Account for the large-scale immigration into Malaya in the late 19th Century.
2. Analyse the changes in US policy towards China during the 1970s.
3. Assess the contribution of Asoka to the spread of Buddhism in India.
4. Explain the concept of 'role'. Of what use is the concept to a practising manager?
5. Compare and contrast cellulose and lignin decomposition in soil.
6. List the criteria you would apply to the presentation of government expenditure policy.
7. Critically discuss economies and diseconomies of scale.
8. What deductions can be made after studying the cell exhibited at C?
9. Evaluate the contribution of political parties to the development of public policy in the United States and Canada.
10. To what extent does the British public participate in the political process?
11. What factors determine the elasticity of demand curves?
12. Describe the histology and functional importance of striated muscle.
13. Illustrate your answer by typical temperature profiles.
14. Discuss the implications of the Milgram and Zimbardo experiments for understanding people's behaviour in situations involving authority.
15. Discuss the use of behaviour therapy in clinical psychology and comment on its limitations.
16. Illustrate the diversity of anaerobic bacteria by reference to either practical importance or mechanism of energy generation.
17. Outline the requirements as to 'locus standi' in relation to injunctives and declaratives.
18. Discuss the role of international capital movements in a world payments system.
19. Define Administrative Law indicating its general scope and function.
20. Consider the significance of the year 1848 for the Hapsburg Empire.
21. Summarise the main requirements of the law in respect of the employer-employee relationship.
22. 'They are often at a disadvantage in dealing with industry at a technical level.' How valid is this criticism of British Civil Servants?
23. To what extent is an understanding of the various approaches to industrial relations useful in allowing us to make better sense of the changing nature of the employment relationship?
24. Discuss the extent to which Human Resource Management and its associated individualism has led to a demise in collectivism and the role of trade unions.
25. Discuss the respective influences of states and markets in the contemporary world economy characterised by globalisation.
26. Analyse the process of transition from a command economy to a market economy, drawing upon the many recent examples.

In planning the answers to these, the instruction decides the text-type (discussion, explanation, etc.); the topic (with its restriction or expansion if there is one) determines the overall range of the subject matter but the aspect determines the particular content; viewpoint dictates which arguments, for or against, to use. The interaction between instruction and aspect will lead to decisions about the organisation of the essay. 

Analyse the example questions above.

1. Identify the topic.
2. If the topic has a restriction or expansion, identify it.
3. Search for the aspect.
4. Identify the instruction.
5. Check whether there is a viewpoint.

Answers HERE. Take time to figure it out for yourself before consulting the answers!

Taken from HERE.

The Friday Class

The Thursday Class

There were 24 students in the classroom but I only have 23 photographs.

Lecturer's Assistant (photography)

Choice of Airlines Specialist

Veteran 

 Lecturer's Assistant (PowerPoint)

 From Tokyo

 From Kyoto

Where is Abri's photograph?

The Wednesday Class